2nd International Nano & Hybrid
Coatings Conference:
"Developments of the Minute"
2 Day Conference
The Bedford Hotel, Brussels, 7 - 8 March 2007
Conference Programme
Note: The organisers reserve the right to change
papers and speakers, if necessary.
Day One
08.30 - 09.15: Registration & Coffee
09.15 - 09.30: Welcome and Opening Remarks
(Including Presentation of Prize for Best Student Paper)
Wednesday 7 March 09.15 - 12.30
Session 1: Nano Materials - Synthesis and Characterisation
Moderator: David Sykes, PRA
1. Grafting on Nanoparticles: is Solid State NMR a Convenient
Tool of Investigation?
Dr Christian Bonhomme
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
The fine characterization of chemical grafting of moieties (organosilanes,
phosphonates...) on nanoparticle (SiO2, TiO2...) is generally
proposed in the literaturebut without clear spectroscopic proofs.
The latest developments of Solid State NMR, including J-spectroscopy
(characteristic for chemical bonding) will be presented in the
frame of phosphonated silica nanoparticles. All aspects of J
transfer on the surface will be addressed, as well as the
potentialities ofcross polarization experiments in combination
with the magic angle spinning (involving the dipolar cpuling
between nuclei).
2. Preparation and Characterisation of UV-cured Epoxy
Nanocomposites Based on Organo-Montmorillonites Modified with
Liquid Maleinised Polybutadienes
Dr Giulio Malucelli*, Roberta Bongiovanni, Marco Sangermano
and Aldo Priola
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
A typical organo-Montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B), which
contains alkylammonium quaternary ions bearing two hydroxyethyl
groups linked to the Nitrogen atom, was treated with liquid
maleinised polybutadienes in the presence of different solvents.
After the treatment, a strong increase of the basal spacing of
the nanoclays was determined through XRD analysis. The effect of
the experimental conditions, such as the solvent polarity, the
maleic anhydride content, temperature and reaction time, was
investigated. The obtained products were dispersed in an epoxy
resin (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexyl
carboxylate). The dispersions, added of a suitable cationic
photoinitiator (triphenylsulfonium-hexafluoroantimoniate) were
coated on a PET substrate and subjected to UV-curing. The
kinetics of the photopolymerization process was investigated by
means of Real-Time Infrared spectroscopy, monitoring the decrease
of the epoxy groups concentration. A mixture of intercalated-exfoliated
nanocomposites was obtained; their morphology was evaluated
through XRD and TEM measurements. The properties of the final
cured films were investigated by means of thermal, mechanical and
dynamic-mechanical analyses.
3. Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Clear Polyester
Powder Coatings Using Nano-particle Composites
Dr Mojtaba Mirabedini*, A. Kiamanesh and S. Pazokifard
Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, Iran
Non-pigmented polyester-TGIC powder coatings have been
modified by the inclusion of three types of nanoparticles to
improve the key mechanical properties as well as adhesion
strength to mild steel substrate. The powder coating compounds
were formulated with polyester resin, TGIC hardener, small
amounts of a flow agent, a degassing agent and various
percentages of nano-particle powders, namely fumed silica,
aluminium hydroxide, and nano-TiO2. Commercial steel plates were
then coated with the modified lacquers. The modified systems gave
transparent coatings with relatively high mechanical properties,
combined with superior adhesion strength. The results revealed
that the application of all nano-particles in clear powder
coatings, particularly nano-TiO2 is valuable for improving
mechanical properties and adhesion strength.
4. A General Approach to Water-soluble Composite
Nanostructures Acting as Multi-functional Tools
Alessandra Quarta*, Dr Teresa Pellegrino, R. Di Corato, W. Parak and R.
Cingolani
National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR-INFM, Lecce, Italy
Research on nanocomposites aims at developing nanostructured
materials in which various components, having different
properties are properly combined into one single nano-objects. In
this respect, nanostructures made of one fluorescent and one
metallic/magnetic portions are of great interest in biomedical
applications. Oligothiophenes are efficient fluorophores
characterized by photochemical stability, broad excitation and
structure-dependent emission, and more importantly they are not
toxic. Here we report the preparation of a fluorescent-metallic
multifunctional nanostructure made of a colloidal gold
nanocrystal functionalized with oligotiophene molecules. For this
purpose, we have developed a protocol by which we first transfer
hydrophobic nanocrystals in water, via coating their surface with
an amphiphilic polymer shell. Subsequently, we link fluorescent
oligotiophene molecules to the polymer shell of the nanocrystals
through PEG molecules. The chosen strategy fulfils several key
requirements: first, it is a general procedure and in fact it can
be extended to nanocrystals with different intrinsic properties.
Secondly, this procedure yields nanocrystals having identical
surface chemistry. Therefore, once a surface linking procedure is
developed for one type of nanocrystal, it can be easily extended
to polymer-coated nanocrystals made of other materials.
Furthermore, the PEG molecules act as a convenient spacer that
allows an easy attachment of a known number of oligothiophenes to
each individual nanocrystal.
5. Nanoparticulate Silica at the Interface
Joanne Convery*, Dr Patrick Doherty, R.L. Williams & M.J. Garvey
University of Liverpool, U.K.
The deposition of nanoparticulate silica at an interface leads
to a monolayer coating of silica which significantly alters the
way in which biological cells respond to that interface. Cells,
whether mammalian, bacterial or fungal are inhibited from
adhetring to or populating the surface. This inhibition is not
due to any biocidal action, since the cells remain viable, but
may be due to the high radius of curvature of the nanoparticles.
Wednesday 7 March 13.30 - 17.00
Session 2: Nano Materials - Testing & Applications
Moderator: Dr Reiner Kasemann, W.L.Gore
5. Silica-acrylic Hybrid Coatings via Miniemulsion Nanodroplet Formation and
Polymerization
G.A. Farzi*, T.F.L. McKenna, E. Bourgeat Lami, C. Graillat
CNRS-LCPP/CPE, France
The incorporation of inorganic particles into an organic matrix in order to obtain
inorganic/organic hybrids via different polymerization techniques has received a great
deal of attention for the past few years. It appears that miniemulsion polymerization is one
of the most attractive techniques for achieving this objective.
In this work, g-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) was grafted onto colloidal silica
particles, and then it was used to create stable dispersion of silica particles in a mixture of
Methyl methacrylate/Butyl acrylate (MMA/BuA) obtained by dialysis in methanol and the mixture of
monomer. Stable silica-MMA-BuA dispersions were emulsified by sonication and the silica content
varied from 0 to 20 Wt% for silica charge of 20 and 80 nm diameters.
The stable monomer nanodroplets containing silica nanoparticles were polymerised via miniemulsion
polymerization and some important parameters such as conversion, particle size and particle size
distribution were measured. We first showed by TEM that the silica is incorporated inside the
polymer particles. Following this, the dependence of droplet size and silica concentration was
investigated. This parameter is obviously important, however despite the fact that it has been
observed by a number of scientists. The important parameters that can affect the droplet size
are considered to explain the increasing of silica containing monomer droplet size by silica
weight percent. The effect of the ratio of the viscosity of dispersed phase to the viscosity of
continuous phase on the obtained final droplet size was studied for both 20 and 80nm silica, and
found to be the parameter with the clearest impact on droplet size.
7. The Application of Nanoscale Inorganic UV Absorber in
Architectural and Industrial Paints and Coatings
Dr Ulrich Nolte
BYK-Chemie, Germany
Nanoscale UV absorber based on for example ZnO or Titania can
offer unique benefits in protecting coatings and coated
substrates from being degraded by UV rradiation. Especially ZnO,
currently widely used in cosmetic applications for sun screens,
can add value to various types of coatings with respect to
interior and exterior photodegradation. Because of the compared
to Titainia small refractive index excellent transparencies in
coatings can be accomplished. In this presentation results on
interior and exterior coatings reagrding UV stability testing
will be presented as well as an outlook on latests developments -ZnO
based UV absorbers.
8. Optical Efficiency and NOx Reduction Properties of
Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticles Activated by UV
Gulsen Celiker*1, Dilek Yucel1, Evren Mutlugun2, Ibrahim Murat
Soganci2, Sumeyra Tek2 & Hilmi Volkan Demir2
1Yasar Paint Group, Turkey
2 Bilkent University, Turkey
Titaniumdioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have recently attracted
much attention for their superior photocatalytic property and
their promising applications in nanotechnology. The performance
of these nanoparticles relies on the process of optical
absorption of ultra-violet (UV) photons and subsequent
photogeneration of electron and hole pairs that exhibit
dissimilar parity in the respective conduction and valance bands,
thus leading to low recombination rates. In this study we have
prepared solgels with 6 nm anatase titanium dioxide that forms a
three dimensional network to host the nanoparticles. In this
work, for this purpose, we ,optically, investigated TiO2
nanoparticles embedded in solgel films in the spectral range from
290 nm to 390 nm. For the first time, we obtain the optical
efficiency curves and time evolution of their optical activation
as a function of wavelength in the near UV range. We characterize
optical activation of TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in solgel for
self-cleaning process. Contamination has been done by using
methylene blue agent. The optical efficiency of the recovery from
the contamination as a function of UV activation wavelengths
parameterized with respect to fixed energy levels used for
activation in unit area. We calculated the optical recovery by
integrating and normalizing the area between the optical
transmittance curve of the activated sample and that of the
contaminated sample in the visible range from 400 nm to 700 nm.
We obtained the time evolution of optical efficiency as a
function of incident total number of UV photons per unit area .
We observed that the level of optical recovery increases with
decreasing activation wavelength in the UV range. In this initial
recovery region, we obtained optical efficiency curves with
increasing slopes (from 4x10-24 to 10-22 m2/photon) over
decreasing activation wavelength. We have evaluated extended
optical recovery up to 90% as a function of incident activation
optical energy per unit area. This characterization shows that
the optical activation is more effective in the low-recovery
phase (with a slope of 10-4 m2/J) than the high-recovery phase (with
a slope of 7x10-5 m2/J). We presented optical efficiency curves
of the photocatalyic activity and time-evolution of the
efficiency in near UV range. In addition, the exterior wall paint
formulated with solgel has been analysed in terms of NOx
reduction properties and outdoor durabilities.
9. Preparation and Characterisation of Clay Nanocomposites for Use in Coatings
Lyndsey Mooring*1, Prof John Hay1, Anthony Buxton2 & Dr
Richard Holman2
1University of Surrey, UK
2PRA, UK
New anti-corrosion paints for metal coatings are to be developed by the incorporation
of novel polymer-clay nanocomposites. Nanocomposites will be used in order to utilise the
improvements that arise through intercalation and/or exfoliation of clay within the polymer
matrix. Barrier and mechanical property improvements are expected when compared to the
pristine polymer and subsequent paint formulations available currently. The clay
nanocomposite will achieve this by hindering the passage of water and oxygen molecules
to the metal surface by providing a tortuous route.
An in situ intercalative polymerisation technique was used for nanocomposite preparation of
organically modified montmorillonite clay with epoxy resins. Ultrasonication and low shear
mixing methods were studied as techniques for the clay incorporation into epoxy resins.
X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the
structure of the resulting composites. The results show intercalated polymer-clay
nanocomposites were achieved by both methods.
10. High Performance UV/EB Cured Nanocomposites
Dr Nik Ghazali Nik Salleh*, M. Firdaus, H-J Gläsel, R.
Mehnert and R. Ismail
Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research, Malaysia
Reinforced polyacrylates were obtained by curing with
ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) using nano-sized silica
particles as fillers. The surface of the silica was chemically
modified to improve the embedding of the filler within the
acrylate matrix. Modification of the silica surface using silane
was done to overcome the problem of incompatibility with
acrylates at high silica contents. The nature of the
nanoparticles is now changed from hydrophilic to organophilic.
Formulations useful for technical coating processes can then be
prepared. These composite materials exhibit highly improved
mechanical properties, e.g. scratch and abrasion resistant, as
compared to pure polymers. They also provide a high network
density whilst the coatings remain transparent. These enhanced
properties will make reinforced polyacrylates, a very promising
coating for advanced technical applications.
11. Health & Safety Aspects of Nanotechnology
Dr Tina Walton* & Jonathan Bourne
PRA, UK
This paper reviews efforts in identifying the risks that nanoparticles
might pose, what measures need to be taken to fill the knowledge gaps and ensure
the safety of workers, consumers and the environment, and what metrics could be used
to determine exposure. Reports of the toxicology of nanoparticles and environmental
impact are also summarised. As well as protecting human health and the environment,
addressing the potential risks and communication of these risks is also important for
industry because it is both the actual and perceived risks that can hinder the
advancement of nanotechnology.
Conference Dinner
19.00 Reception
19.30 Dinner
Note: Pre-registration for the dinner is essential
Thursday 8 March 09.00 - 12.30
Session 3: Hybrid Materials - Synthesis and Characterisation
Moderator: Prof Carole Perry, Nottingham Trent University
12. Photopolymerisation Process in Hybrid Sol-gel Coatings
Dr Céline Croutxé-Barghorn* & Davy-Louis Versace
University of Haut Alsace, France
Organic-inorganic materials have gained special interest since
they represent attractive alternative to design new materials
combining the characteristics of glasses and polymers and improve
the final properties of coatings. Among the chemical pathways
that are used to design hybrid materials, soft chemistry based
route including conventional sol-gel chemistry and
photopolymerization of organically modified alkoxysilanes opens
up new horizons in the field of Radiation Curing.
Photopolymerization processes of trifunctional silicon alkoxides
R Si(OR)3 in which R is a polymerisable group (acrylate,
methacrylate and epoxy) have been investigated. NMR and Real Time
FTIR spectroscopies were used to follow the polymerization of
inorganic and organic networks. These experiments shed some light
on unexplored aspects of the hybrid sol-gel photochemistry for
coating applications.
13. Hybrid Coatings as Transducers in Optical Biosensors
Dr Klaus Rose*1, S. Dzyadevych2, R. Fernandez-Lafuente3, N.
Jaffrezic4, G. Kuncova5, V. Matejec6 & P. Scully7
1Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung, Germany
2National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine
3 Institute of Catalysis, Spain
4 Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
5 Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Republic
6 Institute of Radio Engineering & Electronics, Czech
Republic
7 University of Manchester, UK
Measurements of glucose concentrations are important
operations which allow to monitor processes in pharmacy, food
production, biotechnology etc. The sensors for these purposes are
mostly based on amperometry with an oxygen electrode or hydrogen
peroxide electrode. Optical sensors have advantages for chemical
and biological measurement due to compactness, flexibility,
immunity to electromagnetic fields and biocompatibility. In this
paper nanoscaled inorganic-organic hybrid coatings and their use
in novel enzyme based optical sensors are described, allowing in-situ
continuous monitoring of reactants such as glucose in
biotechnological production processes. The sensor mechanism is
based on the conversion of glucose to gluconate and the
monitoring of oxygen concentration using fluorescence measurement
of a ruthenium complex. For this reason the catalyst glucose
oxidase as well as ruthenium complexes were incorporated into the
sensor coatings.
14. Design of Nanohybrids from Well-defined Nanobuilding
Blocks
L. Rozes*, G. Fornasieri & C. Sanchez
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Titanium-oxo clusters are employed as nanobuilding blocks to
obtain new hybrid materials. The oxo-alcoxo cluster Ti16O16(OEt)32
presents a shell of labile ethoxy groups which can be selectively
exchanged with preservation of the oxo-core. Both the kinetics
and the number of substituted titanium atoms are strongly
dependant on the nature of the reactants and the post-modification
of the cluster leads to the elaboration of new oxo-alcoxo
clusters [Ti16O16(OEt)32-x(OR)x]. Polymerizable ligands are
introduced at the surface of the oxo-cluster leading to
functional nanobricks. Then, they are copolymerized with organic
monomers leading to hybrid nanocomposites. These nanocomposites
are good models to correlate the structure of hybrids and their
properties. The elaboration of the hybrids and their mechanical
and optical properties will be presented.
15. UV Curing of Organoclay/polyurethane Nanocomposites:
Synthesis and Characterisation
Dr Céline Croutxé-Barghorn*, Ali Rachini & Jocelyne Miéhé-Brendlé
University of Haut Alsace, France
Nanocomposites materials made of silicate platelets dispersed
in crosslinked polymer have been produced by photoinitiated
polymerization (UV irradiation) of a multifunctional acrylic
resin containing organophilic clay. A new and simple method has
been developed to render the clay organophilic within 5 minutes
by sonication of an aqueous solution containing an alkylammonium
salt, at ambient temperature. The curing reaction was followed by
real time infrared spectroscopy (RTIR) through the decrease upon
UV irradiation of the characteristic IR bands of the acrylate
double bond. No effect of the filler could be observed on the
kinetics of UV curing. The properties (viscoelastic, gloss ) of
the nanocomposites were determined and compared to those obtained
for the neat resin and for the microcomposite.
16. Synthesis and Characterisation of Organic-Inorganic
Hybrid Nanocoatings and Monolithic Nanocomposites as Solid State
Dye Laser Hosts
Dr Mohsen Mohseni*, M. Ganjaee, E. Mohajerani, Y.Aghill &
S. Moradian
Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
Organic- Inorganic Materials (OIMs) have shown promising
applications in recent years including optical devices. This
paper reports the preparation and characterization of a series of
hybrid OIMs containing silica network in which various amounts of
2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) have been co-polymerized with
3 mathacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane using a free radical co-polymerization
followed by a sol-gel reaction. The optical, mechanical and
morphological properties of dip-coated films on glass slides as
well as monolithic samples were investigated by visible and FT-IR
spectroscopy, hardness measurement, thermal analysis and atomic
force microscopy. It was revealed that by increasing the amount
of silane co-monomer, highly transparent coatings containing
siloxane structure were formed in which the size of the inorganic
phase varied between 40 and 100 nanometer. Samples composed of 50
wt% silane co-monomer showed the highest hardness and solvent rub
resistance. This was be attributed to the greater cross-linking
density as a result of the complete hydrolysis and condensation
of alkoxy groups. This was also coincided with the higher
temperature resistance of the nanocomposite coatings up to 340oC
as found by TGA analysis. The behavior of the resulting network
was studied in the presence of Rhodamin B dye laser using
Fluorometric spectroscopy. The displacement of the maximum peak
in emission spectra of the dye containing samples was discussed
with respect to the structure of the nanocomposites.
17. SiloGel: High Silicone Content Coatings for Corrosion
Protection of Metals
Dr Atul Tiwari* & Lloyd Hihara
University of Hawaii, USA
A novel route for the formulation of high silicone content
coatings has been adopted. The coating components were chosen to
create a barrier against corrosion. A colorless, low viscosity
fluid was formed by reacting three component mixtures. The first
component mixture was obtained by the reaction of an
acetoxysilane compound with two different alkoxysilanes that
resulted in an increase of silicon content and dense 3D network
in the final coat. The second component mixture was an aqueous
solution of an inorganic salt that serves as a buffer and a pH
neutralizing agent, along with a precursor to titaniumdioxide
nanoparticles. The third component was a mixture of diluents
having trace amounts of a catalyst required for the condensation
reaction of silanols. Chemical structure verification of the
liquid precursor to coating was done employing TGA-FTIR analysis.
The solid coating was analyzed using dispersive Raman
spectroscopy. Morphology of the resulting thin solid coating
adhered to metal coupons was studies using atomic force
microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results from various
experiments conducted on these coatings will be discussed.
Thursday 8 March 13.30 - 16.30
Session 4: Hybrid Materials - Testing & Applications
Moderator: Jonathan Bourne, PRA
18. Investigation of Hygrothermal Stresses in Inorganic-organic
Hybrid Coatings
1Dr Eberhard Jürgens*, 1Michael Mager, 1Ulrich
Itter,
2Mireille Wenkin and 2Marcel Piens
1Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany
2CORI, Belgium
Important durability properties of coatings are influenced by
the formation of internal stresses. Delamination and crack
formation are defect structures possibly due to them. The
measurement of internal stresses in organic coatings is well-known.
A cantilever method specially developed for this purpose was now
applied to characterize stresses in thin (5 µm) inorganic-organic
hybrid coatings based on sol-gel chemistry. The application was
performed by spraying. Two types of hybrid coatings were
characterized with respect to the evolution of stresses due to
film formation, to changes of temperature, and to changes of
humidity and were compared to polyurethane coatings. A method
based on thermal stress measurements was applied to determine the
thermal expansion coefficient of thin hybrid coating films.
19. Corrosion Inhibiting Nanostructured Sol-gel Coatings for
Aeronautical Aluminium Alloys
Dr Elisa Campazzi*, E. Lancelle-Beltrand, V. Goletto, C.
Sanchez, M. Villatte & E. Ollivier
EADS CCR, France
This project fits in EADS-CCR research approaches on
development of new protection coatings for protection of
aeronautical aluminium alloys, in accordance with environmental
regulations and new technologies. It aims to develop an
innovative design of multifunctional nanostructured sol-gel
coatings, with a better controlled organic-inorganic architecture
thanks to the self-assembly of pre-formed Nanobuilding Blocks (NBB),
obtained by using aqueous soft chemistry. Additives can be
introduced in order to combine various functionalities, such as
coating mechanical reinforcement, colour and corrosion protection.
We performed preliminary tests with these new nanostructured
hybrid coatings on aluminium alloy (AA 2024 T3) substrate, with
the aim to understand if and how the structure at nanometric
scale impacts layer characteristics and macroscopic performances.
The analytical characterizations of the films were performed by
XRD, FT-IR, X fluorescence, SEM, TEM and XPS. These new
multifunctional nanostructured sol-gel coatings show promising
interface stability and corrosion resistance.
20. Elaboration, Structure and Mechanical Properties of
Organic-inorganic Hybrid Films Based on Iron Oxide-filled Poly(hydroxyethyl
Methacrylate)
Nicolas Chemin*, L. Rozes, C. Chanéac, S. Cassaignon, E. Le
Bourhis, P. Espiard, V. Goletto, E. Barthel, J.P. Jolivet & C.Sanchez
Saint-Gobain Recherche, France
Organic-inorganic hybrid coatings made of a Poly(hydroxyethyl
methacrylate) (PHEMA)/Silica matrix filled with iron oxide
nanoparticles were prepared. The PHEMA/Silica host matrix was
generated through the sol-gel polymerisation of
tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) along with the free-radical
polymerization of the methacrylate monomer. Iron oxide
nanoparticles of controlled size and morphology were synthesized
by aqueous precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and blended in the
PHEMA/Silica matrix. Nanoindentation and scratch tests were
performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the
nanocomposites. At the same time, the nanocomposites were also
characterized with regard to the dispersion state of the fillers
using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and SAXS, so as to understand the relationship
between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the
coatings.
21. Hybrid Polyurethane Coatings Containing the Cyclic Sol-gel
Precursor Cyclo-{OSi(CH3)[(CH2)2Si(OC2H5)2(CH3)]}4
Dr Arno Nennemann*, S. Hofacker, M. Mechtel, M. Mager & H.
Krauss
Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany
The formulation of recently developed cyclic sol-gel
precursors in organic coating raw materials allowed to combine
the properties of organic coatings (toughness, elasticity) with
the properties of inorganic sol-gel coatings (hardness, chemical
resistance). The sol-gel precursor was obtained through
hydrosilylation of cyclo-[OSi(CH3)(C2H3)]4 with SiHCl2CH3,
followed by controlled ethanolysis. Predominantly monomeric cyclo-{OSi(CH3)[(CH)2Si(OC2H5)2(CH3)}4
was achieved, which was condensed to a new, storage stable,
oligomeric polyfunctional sol-gel precursor [1]. In combination
with metal alkoxides transparent, non-brittle sol-gel-films could
be formed. Hybrid polyurethane coatings based on interpenetrating
networks of such sol-gel condensates and the organic coating
polymers resulted in an improved property profile. Chemical
resistance, acid resistance, micro hardness and UV protection
could be improved simultaneously in 1 K and 2 K polyurethane
hybrid coatings.
22. Sol-gel Based Protective Coatings for Copper Products
Juha Nikkola*, J. Mannila, M. Kallio, A. Pahkala, M. Kolari, R.
Mahlberg, O. Posti, J. Siivinen & A. Mahiout.
VTT, Finland
Corrosion, fouling and wearing of metal surfaces are the most
common problems that are faced in industry as well as in
environmental use. In the recent study sol-gel based protective
coatings were developed and deposited on different copper
substrates. Different chemical pre-treatments enhanced adhesion
and spread ability of coatings on copper surfaces. Substantial
improvement of corrosion resistance of sol-gel coated copper
surfaces was obtained by a 1000 h salt spray test. In addition,
the sol-gel coatings increased the hydrophobic and easy-to-clean
properties of the copper surfaces. Also the variation of the
curing temperature caused changes in the morphology, adhesion and
topography of the sol-gel coatings. On the basis of the important
information obtained in this study, the protective properties of
sol-gel coatings can be tailored for different purposes.
* Indicates speaker where there is more than one author
END OF CONFERENCE
